A narrative review on miniaturized extracorporeal technology and circuits: a revolutionary approach to cardiac surgery

Abstract Background The development of the cardiopulmonary bypass machine for extracorporeal circulation by Dr.John Gibbon marked a significant milestone in the advancement of medical technology.Subsequent enhancements in this equipment and methodologies have refined this ground-breaking invention for better cardiac surgical results.Main body of th

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Hypercalcemia: A complicated puzzle

This is a mini-review concerning hypercalcemia of malignancy that represents a challenging condition requiring rapid management, not only in relationship with short term complications, but also with long term mortality concerning the originating tumor approach (if feasible).Hypercalcemia on a patient with previously known or unknown cancer may be c

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